Blogi | LukuExpert
23.11.2021

Elektriauto laadimiskaabel on sama olulise tähtsusega kui laadimisvõrgustik

Autor: Joosep Soorsk

Sul on elektriauto ja lähed sõbrale maale külla. Ha! Näed, et punane pistik, aga laadida ei saa? Saab ikka! Igast pesast, kus vool sees, saab elektriautot laadida. Peab lihtsalt olema õige varustus, et elektriautol akud alati laetud oleks.

Igal elektriauto omanikul on oma laadimiskaablid alati kaasas ning seda väga lihtsal põhjusel – tekib suurem liikumisvabadus. Elektrit on üldjuhul igal pool ja kui oled ennast elektriauto juhina varustanud pisut paremini, ei jää sa särtsu taha kunagi pidama. Aga tarvikud, mida kasutatakse, kuluvad ja kui kodus on üks kaabel, siis on mugav, kui teine oleks autos olemas.

Kodulaadija mugavuseks on mõistagi see, et laadija on kaabliga seina peal ja koju jõudes ei ole vaja teha muud, kui pistik autoga ühendada. Kaabli valik tehakse vastavalt autole: kui autos on 11 kW 3-faasiline laadija, piisab just sellisest kaablist. Kui autosisene laadija on vaid 1-faasiline, nagu näiteks pistikhübriidide puhul, siis piisab ka 16 A 1-faasilisest kaablist.

Autosse on soovitatav soetada ka 3-faasiline 32 A laadimiskaabel. Avalikke pool-kiireid laadijaid, kus laadimiskaabel puudub,  on väga palju ning 3-faasiline 32 A kaabel annab kindluse, et saad maksimaalse võimsusega vahelduvvoolu (AC) laadijas laadida. Sellest hoolimata toimub valik ennekõike auto alusel, kuna kuni 22 kW laadijates määrab laadimiskiiruse autosisene laadija.

Millest sõltub elektriauto laadimise kiirus?

Laadimise kiirus sõltub kolmest komponendist – laadijast, voolu võimsusest ning autost endast. 

Laadides pool-kiires, kuni 22 kW laadijas, määrab laadimise kiiruse autosisene laadija. Kui 22 kW laadija annab välja 3 faasi pealt maksimaalselt 22 kW ehk umbes 100 km tunnis ja autol on ühefaasiline 3,5 kW laadimine, laeb auto siiski umbes 20 km tunnis.

Kiirlaadijas laadides liigub vool otse auto akusse sellise kiirusega, mis on tootja poolt ettenähtud. Enamus autosid võtavad vastu 50-100 kW ehk umbes 200+ km tunnis. Seega 150 kW laadija kiirust juurde oluliselt ei anna. Küll aga uued autod juba võtavad vastu 150+ kW ja siis ei jõua kohvigi osta, kui auto täis.

Mõni targem elektriauto (näiteks Tesla) kontrollib enne laadimise alustamist ka vooluringi kvaliteeti. Kui maandust ei ole, siis laadima ei hakka – seda eelkõige turvalisuse huvides.

Ennemuistsel ajal oli elektriauto omanik suuteline pistikupesa juba kaugelt märkama, olenemata kas see on valge, sinine või punane. Neil oli hea kõrv, 3-faasilist kreissaagi oli võimalik kuulda ka pikema vahemaa taha ja kui akus voolu vähe, siis 3-faasi on ikka palju parem kui 1-faas. 

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